Isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites from Echinophora platyloba DC from Iran

Echinophora platyloba DC [Apiaceae] is one of the two endemic species of Echinophora genus in Iran. It has many folkloric uses and several biological activities but there is no information about its phytoconstituents. In this work some of the secondary metabolites were isolated, purified and identified from n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from the aerial parts and root of this plant for the first time. Resulting extracts were subjected to column chromatography using EtOAc/n-hexane as eluent. Further purifications were carried out using preparative TLC and recrystallization techniques. Characterization of compounds were established using spectroscopic data [[1]H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, MS and FT-IR], and by comparing with the literature. Stigmasterol, Sitosterol, Stigmasterol-beta-D-glycoside and Saccharose were purified from these extracts and their chemical structures were characterized. Several phytosterols were isolated from various extracts of aerial parts and great amount of saccharose was purified from the sweet root of the plant

[Apical microleakage of obturated canals with apical plug and customized cone techniques in open apices models]

Management of open apices teeth is one of the most serious problems for dentists. Contemporary endodontics proceeds to single step techniques such as apical plug and customized cone for management of these cases. The purpose of this study was to compare apical microleakage between customized cone and apical plug techniques on open apices polyester made root canals. In this in vitro experimental study, 68 clear models were made from polyester in two different forms: S models [round canals], and L models [oval canals]. Thirty models [15 S and 15 L] were obturated with customized cone technique and 30 models [15 S and 15 L] were obturated with apical plug technique using Ca[OH]2 as an apical barrier. Eight models were considered as positive and negative control groups. Models were immersed in methylene blue for 48 hours and maximum linear dye penetration of each was measured by three separate observers. Student t test was used for statistical analysis of the findings. The results illustrated that the mean leakage of the customized cone group was statistically greater than apical plug group [p<0.05]. In addition, when comparing L and S models in customized group, L models showed more linear leakage than S models [p<0.05], but this difference was not significant in apical plug technique. The finding of this study indicated that the apical plug technique, when using Ca[OH]2 plug as a barrier may produce a better apical seal than the customized cone technique in short term